Introduction
Taking user input in Java is the first step towards creating successful software in Java. The Java program collects input from the user through various input sources such as a mouse, keyboard, network request, CLI arguments, etc. Java also has various I/O packages that can be imported into the program to perform input-output operations. These packages support input of primitive types like double, integer, strings, etc.
This article will focus on methods like Scanner, BufferedReader, and InputStreamReader to take user input in Java.
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How to Take Input in Java using the Scanner Class?
The Scanner class is one of the methods in the “java.util” package that parses and handles all the primitive type inputs. The Scanner class asks the user to enter the input, and then it prints the same on the screen or console. You can import the Scanner class from the “java.util” package in the program and create an object to use its methods.
For example,
Scanner test = new Scanner(System.in);
In the above statement, the test is the name of an object, and System.in is the input stream. The Scanner instance created will scan the user input in Java.
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Note: It is not necessary to write System.in as the input string in your program. You can replace it with a file and a file to read, string as the input stream.
For example,
Scanner test = new Scanner(new FileInputStream(“testFile.txt”), “UTF-8”);
Make sure that you write code {test.close()} to close the scanner when you are done editing it.
Scanner Methods for Reading Inputs from User
The following table lists the methods that the scanner uses to read the input in Java entered by the user.
| Method | Return Type | Description |
| Next() | String | Returns the next token from the Scanner |
| nextByte() | Byte | Reads the next input as a byte. |
| nextFloat() | Float | Reads the next input as a float. |
| nextInt() | Integer | Reads the next input as an integer. |
| nextShort() | Short | Read the next input as a short. |
| nextLong() | Long | Read the next input as a long. |
| nextBoolean() | Boolean | Reads the next input as a Boolean and returns the value. |
| nextLine() | String | Advances the scanner one line and returns the input skipped. |
Example
The following Java program uses the Scanner class to take user input in Java (string, integer, and afloat).
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| import java.util.Scanner;
class TakeUserInput { public static void main(String args[]) { int a; float b; String c; Scanner test = new Scanner(System.in); //Take user input as String System.out.println(“Type a string: “); c = in.nextLine(); System.out.println(“User Input String is: “+c); //Take user input as Integer System.out.println(“Type an integer: “); a = in.nextInt(); System.out.println(“User Input Integer is: “+a); //Take user input as float System.out.println(“Type a float number: “); b = in.nextFloat(); System.out.println(“User Input Float number is: “+b); }} |
Output
| Type a string:
Andrew User Input String is: Andrew Type an integer: 03 User Input Integer is: 03 Type a float number: 61.46 User Input Float number is: 61.46 |
If you want to learn more about taking input in Java using the scanner class, check out the Multiple String Input in Java using the Scanner blog.
BufferedReader and InputStreamReader Methods
BufferedReader is another class in Java that scans the stream of characters from a character-based input stream. InputStreamReader is a function in Java that converts the input stream into a sequence of characters for BufferedReader to scan. The BufferedReader class accepts the InputStream as a parameter.
The BufferedReader class uses read() and readLine() methods to read characters and the next line and returns them.
You must import the java.io.BufferedReader package to create a BufferedReader class.
// Creates a FileReader
FileReader test = new FileReader(String file);
// Creates a BufferedReader
BufferedReader a = new BufferedReader(test);
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BufferedReader Methods for Reading Inputs from User
The following table lists the methods that the buffered reader uses to read the input in Java entered by the user.
| Method | Description |
| ready() | Verifies if the file reader is in a read state. |
| mark() | Marks the position in the buffered reader up to which the data has been read. |
| reset() | Returns the control to the point where the mark was set. |
Example
The following Java program uses a BufferedReader class alongside an InputStreamReader class to take the user input in Java.
| import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { BufferedReader buffer = null; try { String scanFirstLine; buffer = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(“D:\\user_input.txt”)); while ((scanFirstLine = buffer.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(scanFirstLine); } } catch (IOException a) { a.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (buffer != null) buffer.close(); } catch (IOException b) { b.printStackTrace(); } } } } |
Output
| The following data is found in the file:
This is a sample statement that BufferedReader reads from the file. |
In the above example, we created a buffered reader named buffer. The buffered reader is linked with the “user_input.txt” file.
Then, we used the readLine() method to scan the characters from the buffer of the buffered reader.
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Conclusion
In this article, we have covered the methods used to take user input in Java. We have discussed the Scanner and BufferedReader methods, along with examples. We have also discussed the methods that Scanner and BufferedReader class uses to take input in Java. We hope that you have got a basic understanding of how to handle input in Java. If you want to learn more Java programming language, check out upGrad’s Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development course designed for working professionals.
Why should you learn Java?
Java is a user-friendly language and ideal for students learning any programming language. As a language, Java helps you get down on the coding ground and find your way in the infinite software world. Additionally, Java is very versatile and flexible. Java is compatible with any operating system. Due to the pandemic, people have started using their personal devices like laptops, desktops, etc., for work. Java language is designed to work on any OS such as Mac, Windows, iOS, and Android. Moreover, in the future, Java will continue to be in demand. Mobile app downloads in 2020 have increased to 150 billion and will soon touch the 184 billion mark. Most Android applications have back-end code written in Java. The number of downloads determines the number of applications on the phone, creating more room for Java. This explains how Java will continue to dominate other programming languages in the future.
How much does a Java developer make?
The average Java developer salary in India is INR 4,97,611/year. As an entry-level Java developer, the numbers could vary. The salary of a Java developer also fluctuates based on their experience. The more they experience, the more they get paid. A developer is mainly focused on creating web applications that are then sold in the market. They are a part of a software development team aiming to design, maintain, write, and implement code. Having a bachelor’s in IT or computer science can help you kickstart your journey as a Java professional.
Which area uses Java the most?
Java has the ability to work on every platform. Furthermore, it is also free to use and an object-oriented program. Java has been taken by inspiration from the C and C++ languages. It was created to keep it easy for beginners. Some areas that widely use Java are game development, stock market algorithms, open-source development, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
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